New Method Maps Gene Activity in the Living Human Brain

In a groundbreaking study, researchers at FutureNeuro, the RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, and international collaborators have developed a novel approach to profile gene activity in the living human brain. Published in JCI Insight, this innovative technique overcomes long-standing challenges in neuroscience by using molecular traces from electrodes implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients. These electrodes, originally designed to map seizure activity for surgical planning, now provide a means to analyze RNA and DNA alongside electrical brain activity, creating a "snapshot" of gene activity in real-time.

This advancement offers a rare window into molecular processes in the living brain without requiring invasive tissue samples from surgery or post-mortem donations. By integrating molecular data with electrical recordings of seizures, the researchers aim to enhance the precision of epilepsy surgeries while advancing our understanding of brain function.

Advancing Epilepsy Treatment

The study’s findings hold particular promise for epilepsy care. With approximately one-third of epilepsy patients unable to control seizures through medication, surgical intervention is often the best course of action. However, the success of these surgeries depends heavily on accurate mapping of the brain regions driving seizure activity. The new method not only strengthens this mapping process but also complements traditional imaging and EEG tests.

“This study represents a significant advancement in epilepsy research, providing a method to detect active genes within the living brain of individuals with epilepsy,” said Professor David Henshall, director of FutureNeuro. This technology could guide surgical decisions and potentially improve outcomes for patients who face significant challenges in managing their condition.

Broader Implications for Neurological Disorders

Beyond epilepsy, the research paves the way for broader applications in understanding complex neurological conditions such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and schizophrenia. By offering new insights into the molecular underpinnings of brain activity, the study highlights the potential for improved diagnostics and targeted treatments in these areas.

Led by Professors David Henshall and Vijay Tiwari and supported by an international team of researchers, the study underscores the importance of global collaboration in addressing pressing neurological challenges. As molecular profiling tools evolve, they could transform how clinicians and researchers approach some of the most difficult-to-treat brain disorders.

This innovative approach represents a significant step forward in neuroscience, offering hope for patients worldwide and advancing the pursuit of precision medicine for neurological care.