New Platform Provides Deep Insights into T Cell Responses Against Novel Cancer Vaccine

BioMed X and the Universitätsmedizin Mannheim (UMM) announced the publication of two manuscripts in the field of cancer immunology in the journal Science Advances. The main objective of the collaboration was to understand the role of specific T cell responses in a patient with an aggressive subtype of diffuse glioma who showed sustained remission after receiving a neoepitope peptide vaccine at the University Hospital Mannheim.

The work is based on a collaboration between both institutions and researchers at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), the Heidelberg University, and the Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology (HI-TRON).

T cells are critical for maintaining human health by eliminating tumor cells from the body—a process which is driven by the specific interaction of unique receptors on the surface of T cells (T cell receptors or TCRs) to mutant peptides (antigens) on the surface of tumor cells. The identification of such cancer-specific antigens, and the TCRs that bind them, underlies current efforts to develop targeted cancer therapies. Until now, functionally robust high-throughput approaches to this challenge were lacking.

Dr. John M. Lindner and his research team at the BioMed X Institute in Heidelberg designed the T-FINDER platform to solve this problem. The platform is capable of rapidly screening thousands of potential interactions between TCRs and antigens on the surface of potential target cells for their ability to activate T cells.

Driven by a trio of lead scientists (Miray Cetin, Dr. Veronica Pinamonti, and Dr. Theresa Schmid), the team first generated a highly sensitive reporter cell line for T cell activation. This reporter lies at the heart of T-FINDER, which can sensitively read out the specificity of any number of T cell-activating receptors (for example, CAR-T receptors in addition to classical TCRs) and ligands.

For the latter, Dr. Pinamonti provided solutions to key aspects of enabling the detection of class II HLA-presented peptides during her Ph.D. thesis work, leading to the development of novel strategies for boosting antigen processing and presentation by the target cell. This class of ligand was until now very challenging to investigate experimentally, and together with its superior sensitivity form the foundation of T-FINDER's advantages in the field.

In a companion manuscript, the team collaborated with a research team led by Dr. Ed Green from the Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology (Head: Prof. Michael Platten) at DKFZ and University Hospital Mannheim. The researchers applied T-FINDER to decode the immune response of two diffuse midline glioma patients vaccinated against the H3 mutation which was driving their cancer.

Patients receiving the H3-vaccine have shown promising but heterogeneous results, and with the aid of T-FINDER, the two groups could precisely map the functional immune response of a patient in remission to TCRs binding HLA class II-presented epitopes of mutant H3. This work provides key insights into the mechanism of anti-tumor T cell responses in these patients, and will support ongoing vaccination studies.

"We are excited about the publication of the results of our collaboration with Ed Green, Michael Platten, and colleagues," said John Lindner, Head of Immunology Discovery at the BioMed X Institute. "Our joint research demonstrated the unique sensitivity, flexibility, and overall performance of our new T-FINDER platform, especially for class II HLA-presented targets, which have always been a challenge in the past."

"Previously, we have been limited in the tools we could use to study class II-presented epitopes such as mutant H3. The T-FINDER platform has enabled us to identify and benchmark dozens of H3-reactive TCRs, allowing us to track patient responses to vaccination today, as well as benchmark TCRs for the autologous cell therapies of tomorrow," said Ed Green, Head of the ImmunoGenomics team in Michael Platten's lab at the DKFZ.

Provided by University Hospital Mannheim